BEVEZETÉS: FIZIKAI SZIMMETRIÁK, SZUPERSZIMMETRIÁK ÉS
MEGMARADÁSI TÉTELEK
1. AZ IZOTÓP TÉRTÖLTÉS SPIN (IFCS)
MODELL 1.1 Az izotóp tértöltés spin (isotopic
field-charge spin: IFCS) modell elõtörténete
1.2 Szimmetriaelvek szerepe a tudományos gondolkodás történetében
- a XVIII-XIX. sz. fizika princípiumai (elvei),
- megmaradási törvények és szimmetriaelvek,
- F. Klein, S. Lie, E. Noether, H. Weyl, Utiyama, Pauli, Heisenberg,
Wigner, C.N. Yang, ‘t
Hooft,
Nambu, Gell-mann és Ne’eman, S. Weinberg, Higgs, és … hozzájárulása
1.3 A spin megmaradás története
1.4 Analóg jelenségek: spin-szerû mennyiségek
1.5 Az izotóp spin fogalma és megmaradása
történeti összefüggésében
(az 1930-as évektõl a Yang-Mills modellig és
tovább)
1.6 Szimmetria és szimmetria-sértés az elektromos
töltések közti kölcsönhatás leírásának
történetében
1.7 Izotóp tértöltések (IFC) megkülönböztetése
1.7.1 A súlyos és a tehetetlen tömeg megkülönbözetése
a fizika történetében
1.7.2 Izotóp elektromos töltések megkülönböztetése
1.8 Az izotóp tértöltések kicserélodésének
fenomenológkus modellje
1.9 Egy szimmetria sérülése és a harmónia
helyreállítása egy másik szimmetriával
kombinálva
1.10 Az izotóp tértöltés spin (IFCS) fizikai
fogalma
1.11 Az IFCS megmaradása
1.12 Hogyan változtatta meg az izotóp tértöltés
spin invarianciája fizikai világképünket
2. AZ ELEKTROMÁGNESES KÖLCSÖNHATÁS IFCS
MODELLJE
2.1 A kvantumelektrodinamika (QED) korai története (1929-1932)
2.2 C. Moeller elektromágnese kölcsönhatás modelljének
aszimmetriája és annak “szimmetrizálása” (H.
Bethe and E. Fermi, 1932)
2.3 Dirac kiegészítései a QED-hoz (1951, 1962)
2.4 Dirac QED egyenletének kibõvítése az
izotóp
tértöltéssel
2.5 A kibõvített Dirac egyenlet elemzése
2.6 A kibõvített Dirac egyenlet következményei
3. A GRAVITÁCIÓS KÖLCSÖNHATÁS
IFCS MODELLJE
3.1 A gravitáció elmélete és az általános
relativitáselmélet
3.2 Az általános relativitáselmélet geometriái
(Riemann, Finsler)
3.3 Ekvivalencia és azonosság különbözõségérõl
filozófiai megközelítésben. Mit nem jelent
az ekvivalencia elve?
3.4 A gravitációs egyenlet a(z izotóp) súlyos és
tehetetlen tömeg megkülönböztetésével
3.5 A módosított gravitációs egyenlet megoldásának
várható változásai
4. AZ IFCS MODELL PERSPEKTÍVÁI
4.1 Kalandozás a Standard Modellen túl
4.2 A szuperszimmetrikus modell egy alternatívája
4.3 Lehetséges új közvetítõ bozonok elõrejelzése
Tankönyv: G. Darvas (2014) Another Version
of Facts. On Physical Interactions, 134 p.
Ajánlott olvasnivaló:
http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.3189v1
http://www.springerlink.com/content/g28q43v2112721r1/
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10773-013-1693-1
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10773-013-1781-2
Conserved
Quantities in the History of Modern Physics:
The road to the conservation
of the isotopic field-charge spin (IFCS)
Lecture
themes
Motto:
The physicist Leo Szilard once announced to his friend Hans Bethe that he was
thinking of keeping a diary:
“ I don't intend to publish. I am merely going to record the facts for
the information of God.”
“ Don't you think God knows the facts?” - Bethe asked.
“ Yes,” said Szilard,
“ He knows the facts, but He does not know this version of the facts.”
INTRODUCTION: PHYSICAL SYMMETRIES, SUPERSYMMETRIES AND CONSERVATION
LAWS
1. THE ISOTOPIC FIELD-CHARGE SPIN MODEL
1.1 Prehistory of the isotopic field-charge spin (IFCS) model
1.2 The role of symmetry principles in the history of sientific
thinking
- “principles” of the 18-19th c. physics,
- conservation laws and symmetry principles,
- contributions by F. Klein, S. Lie, E. Noether, H. Weyl, Utiyama, Pauli, Heisenberg,
Wigner, C.N.
Yang, ‘t Hooft,
Nambu, Gell-mann and Ne’eman, S. Weinberg, Higgs, and …
1.3 History of the spin conservation
1.4 Analogue phenomena: Spin-like quantities
1.5 The concept of the isotopic spin and its conservation in historical
context (from the 1930-ies to the Yang-Mills model and further)
1.6 Symmetry and symmetry violation in the history of the description
of interaction between electric charges
1.7 Distinction between isotopic field-charges (IFC)
1.7.1 Distinction between the masses of gravity and inertia in
the history of physics
1.7.2 Distinction between isotopic electric charges
1.8 Phenomenological model of the commutation between the isotopic
field-charges
1.9 Loss of a symmetry and recovery of the harmony by another
1.10 The physical concept of the isotopic field-charge spin (IFCS)
1.11 Conservation of the IFCS
1.12 How did our physical world view change as a result of the
isotopic field-charge spin invariance
2. THE IFCS MODEL OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTION
2.1 History of QED (1929-1932)
2.2 Asymmetry in the electromagnetic interaction model by C. Moeller
and its “symmetrisation” by H. Bethe and E. Fermi (1932)
2.3 Extensions of QED by Dirac (1951, 1962)
2.4 IFC extension of the Dirac equation of QED
2.5 Discussion of the extended Dirac equation
2.6 Consequences of the extended Dirac equation
3. THE IFCS MODEL OF THE GRAVITATIONAL INTERACTION
3.1 The theory of gravitation and the General Theory of Relativity
3.2 Geometries of the GTR (Riemann, Finsler)
3.3 Philosophical considerations on the difference between equivalence
and identity. What does not mean the equivalence principle?
3.4 The gravitational equation with the distinction between the
(isotopic) gravitational and inertial masses
3.5 Expected changes in the solutions of the modified gravitational
equation
4. PERSPECTIVES OF THE IFCS MODEL
4.1 Adventures beyond the Standard Model
4.2 An alternative to the supersymmetric model
4.3 Prediction of possible new mediating bosons
Textbook: G. Darvas (2014) Another Version
of Facts. On Physical Interactions, 134 p.
Proposed reading:
http://arxiv.org/abs/0811.3189v1
http://www.springerlink.com/content/g28q43v2112721r1/
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10773-013-1693-1
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10773-013-1781-2
______________________________
INTRODUCTION to the Textbook
This book treats fundamental physical interactions starting from
two preliminary assumptions.
(a) Although mass of gravity and mass of inertia are equivalent
quantities in their measured values, they are qualitatively not
identical physical entities. We will take into consideration this
difference in our equations.
Later we will extend this ‘equivalence is not identity’ principle
to sources of further fundamental interaction fields, other than gravity.
(b) Physical interactions occur between these qualitatively different
entities.
These two assumptions do not contradict to any known physical
theory, however, they allow another interpretation of facts built
in our explanations of physical experience.
First we interpret the mentioned preliminary assumptions. Then
we will sketch in main lines a picture of fundamental physical
fields influenced by the distinction between the two qualitative
forms of the individual field-charges and interaction between them.
A next part will demonstrate the existence of an invariance between
the two isotopic forms of the field charges, and will formulate
certain consequences in our view on the physical structure of matter.
Finally we will discuss how can these results potentially change
our approach to a few open questions of physics, including the
effects of a family of intermediate bosons to be predicted by the
proven invariance between the assumed isotopic states of the individual
field charges.
The proposed conceptual framework and assumption on the interaction
mechanism goes beyond the Standard Model (SM). Many physicists
are convinced that SM does not hold eternally alone and is not
untranscendable; there will appear new, more precise theories that
will partially include the SM, and answer those questions that
are left open by the SM. However we do not certainly know how,
at least at present.
CERN organised three workshops to discuss possible theoretical
candidate models beyond the SM to base a “new physics” in
accordance with fine scale anomalies and symmetry breakings in
high energy experiments, in 2005-2007 (CERN workshop, 2008a; CERN
workshop, 2008b; CERN workshop, 2008c). They agreed that SM holds,
it needs only some extensions. So do we as well. Section IV of
the present work provides an alternative extension theory, still
not discussed in those three working group reports.
This work (started in January 2001) is an attempt to exceed a
couple of the limits of the Standard Model. Gerard ‘t Hooft
expressed his view on the physics after the SM: “What is
generally expected is either a new symmetry principle or possibly
a new regime with an altogether different set of physical fields.” (
See in: Hooft, 2005, Sec. 12). The isotopic field charge spin conservation
and the D field, being introduced in this book, are candidates
(Darvas, 2011).
The presented idea is based on the same facts like those considered
in the SM, only on “another version” of them. It clusters
the observations in another way. Unlike existing alternative theories,
e.g., the SUSY, which renders a new (“supersymmetric”)
brother to each particle, this model clusters the observed sources
of fields in two-eggs twin pairs, regarding them as isotopic states
of each other, and there is left “only” the twin brothers
of the bosons mediating their interactions to be observed. It covers
gravitational, electroweak and strong interactions. In contrast
to the SUSY, which renders fermion-boson pairs as new-born brothers
to each other, the Isotopic Field Charge Spin (IFCS) assumption,
proposed in the present work, renders fermion-fermion and boson-boson
twins to each other.
This assumption does not assume new fermions; the twin brothers
of fermions originate in splitting the existing ones. Fermions
split as a result of a newly interpreted property. The assumption
is mathematically based (Darvas, 2009) on an invariance of interactions
under rotation of the isotopic field charges’ spin (a property
that distinguishes the field charge twins from each other) in a
still hypothetical gauge field, that means, on the conservation
of the isotopic field charge spin.
The bosonic twin brothers should appear as the quanta of the D
field (cf., Section IV.3.2) that mediate between the split fermion
states, that means, between isotopic states of field charges. The
prediction of bosonic twin brothers will be discussed in Section
IV.3.5.
The IFCS assumption theory does not give a clue to everything,
(e.g., mass). It is a modest attempt to answer a few open questions
of contemporary physics (Darvas, 2011).
Section I provides a conceptual introduction to the theme, Section
II treats the introduced concepts in classical approaches and conjectures
interaction between isotopic states of field charges, while the
next one (III) discusses historical roots of the topic and their
approaches from classical through quantum physics to field theories.
Appearance of two different variants of the individual field charges
in our physical equations would cause so far not experienced distortion
in symmetries, unless another invariance does not counterbalance
the apparently lost symmetries in our laws of nature. Section IV
demonstrates the existence of this invariance, presents its exact
mathematical proof and the physical consequences in field theory,
then Section V derives conclusions.
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